How Electric Motors Are Made


Key Components:

  • Stator:

    • The stationary outer part of the motor.
    • Contains a series of electromagnets (coils) embedded in a metal core.
    • When current flows through the coils, they generate a rotating magnetic field.

  • Rotor:

    • The rotating inner part of the motor.
    • Can be various types:
      • Squirrel-cage rotor: Most common, consists of aluminum or copper bars embedded in a cylindrical core.
      • Wound rotor: Has coils wound on the rotor, allowing for more complex control.

How it Works:

  1. Magnetic Field Generation:

    • The stator's coils are energized with alternating current (AC).
    • This creates a rotating magnetic field that sweeps around the stator.

  2. Rotor Rotation:

    • In an induction motor:

      • The rotating magnetic field induces currents in the rotor bars.
      • These induced currents create their own magnetic field in the rotor.
      • The interaction between the stator's magnetic field and the rotor's magnetic field causes the rotor to spin.

    • In a synchronous motor:

      • The rotor has permanent magnets or DC-excited coils.
      • These magnets lock into the rotating magnetic field of the stator, causing the rotor to spin at the same speed as the field.

Types of Electric Motors:

  • Induction Motors:

    • Simple, robust, and widely used.
    • Used in various applications like fans, pumps, and compressors.

  • Synchronous Motors:

    • More complex but offer precise speed control and higher efficiency.
    • Used in applications like elevators, escalators, and power generation.

  • DC Motors:

    • Use direct current (DC) instead of AC.
    • Offer good speed control but require more maintenance.
    • Used in applications like robotics and electric vehicles.

  • Stepper Motors:

    • Move in precise steps, often used in robotics and 3D printers.

This provides a more comprehensive overview of electric motor operation.



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