How RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker) Works


How RCCB (Residual Current Circuit Breaker) Works
An RCCB (also called RCD – Residual Current Device) is a safety device used in electrical systems to prevent electric shock and reduce the risk of fire due to current leakage.
Here’s a simple explanation of how it works:
Basic Function
An RCCB monitors the flow of current in a circuit and disconnects the power if it detects an imbalance. This imbalance usually happens when electricity leaks to the ground, which could mean a person is getting shocked or there's a fault in the wiring.
Working Principle
RCCB operates on the principle of "residual current."
In a healthy circuit, current going into the circuit (live wire) should be equal to the current coming back (neutral wire).
If there is any difference (residual current), it means some current is leaking – possibly through a person or faulty wire.
The RCCB constantly compares the live and neutral current using a current transformer inside. If the difference exceeds a set limit (like 30 mA), it trips and cuts the power instantly.
Example Scenario
Suppose someone accidentally touches a live wire:
Some current flows through their body to the ground.
The neutral wire carries less current back than what the live wire sent.
The RCCB senses this difference and shuts off power in milliseconds – reducing the chance of fatal shock.
Key Components Inside an RCCB
Core Balance Transformer (CBT): Detects the imbalance in live and neutral currents.
Trip Mechanism: Activated when the leakage current exceeds the preset threshold.
Test Button: Used to simulate a fault to ensure the RCCB is working properly.
Sensitivity Ratings
RCCBs come with different sensitivity levels:
30 mA – for personal protection (homes, offices).
100 mA or 300 mA – for equipment and fire protection in industrial settings.
Limitations
RCCB does not protect against overcurrent or short circuits – that’s the job of an MCB (Miniature Circuit Breaker).
It only detects leakage and disconnects power to prevent harm.
Summary
RCCB is a life-saving device that trips the circuit if it senses a leakage current.
It helps prevent electric shocks and fire hazards due to faulty insulation or exposed wires.
It’s a must-have in modern homes and workplaces for electrical safety.

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